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Published 5 July 2005. doi:10.1083/jcb.200502031
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 170, Number 1, 73-79
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Article

Hydrogen peroxide regulation of endothelial exocytosis by inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor



Kenji Matsushita1, Craig N. Morrell2,3, Rebecca J.A. Mason1, Munekazu Yamakuchi1, Firdous A. Khanday4, Kaikobad Irani4, and Charles J. Lowenstein1,2

1 Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
2 Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
3 Department of Comparative Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
4 Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Correspondence to Charles J. Lowenstein: clowenst{at}jhmi.edu

Although an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage the vasculature, low concentrations of ROS mediate intracellular signal transduction pathways. We hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide plays a beneficial role in the vasculature by inhibiting endothelial exocytosis that would otherwise induce vascular inflammation and thrombosis. We now show that endogenous H2O2 inhibits thrombin-induced exocytosis of granules from endothelial cells. H2O2 regulates exocytosis by inhibiting N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), a protein that regulates membrane fusion events necessary for exocytosis. H2O2 decreases the ability of NSF to hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate and to disassemble the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor complex. Mutation of NSF cysteine residue C264T eliminates the sensitivity of NSF to H2O2, suggesting that this cysteine residue is a redox sensor for NSF. Increasing endogenous H2O2 levels in mice decreases exocytosis and platelet rolling on venules in vivo. By inhibiting endothelial cell exocytosis, endogenous H2O2 may protect the vasculature from inflammation and thrombosis.

Abbreviations used in this paper: 3-AT, 3-amino-triazole; HAEC, human aortic endothelial cells; NAC, N-acetyl-cysteine; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; vWF, von Willebrand's factor.


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