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Published 19 June 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603003
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 173, Number 6, 985-994
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Article

 Identification of novel chondroitin proteoglycans in Caenorhabditis elegans: embryonic cell division depends on CPG-1 and CPG-2

Sara K. Olson1,2, Joseph R. Bishop1, John R. Yates4, Karen Oegema1,3, and Jeffrey D. Esko1

1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, 2 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, and 3 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
4 Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037

Correspondence to Jeffrey D. Esko: jesko52{at}ucsd.edu

Vertebrates produce multiple chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that play important roles in development and tissue mechanics. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the chondroitin chains lack sulfate but nevertheless play essential roles in embryonic development and vulval morphogenesis. However, assignment of these functions to specific proteoglycans has been limited by the lack of identified core proteins. We used a combination of biochemical purification, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry to identify nine C. elegans chondroitin proteoglycan core proteins, none of which have homologues in vertebrates or other invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster or Hydra vulgaris. CPG-1/CEJ-1 and CPG-2 are expressed during embryonic development and bind chitin, suggesting a structural role in the egg. RNA interference (RNAi) depletion of individual CPGs had no effect on embryonic viability, but simultaneous depletion of CPG-1/CEJ-1 and CPG-2 resulted in multinucleated single-cell embryos. This embryonic lethality phenocopies RNAi depletion of the SQV-5 chondroitin synthase, suggesting that chondroitin chains on these two proteoglycans are required for cytokinesis.

Abbreviations used in this paper: BEMAD, ß-elimination followed by Michael addition with DTT; CPG, chondroitin proteoglycan; CSPG, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; DIC, differential interference contrast; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcA, glucuronic acid; MUDPIT, multidimensional protein identification technology; PH, pleckstrin homology.


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