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Published 31 July 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603146
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 174, Number 3, 329-338
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Article

 Role of TIF1{alpha} as a modulator of embryonic transcription in the mouse zygote

Maria Elena Torres-Padilla and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz

The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, England, UK

Correspondence to Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz: mzg{at}mole.bio.cam.ac.uk

The first events of the development of any embryo are under maternal control until the zygotic genome becomes activated. In the mouse embryo, the major wave of transcription activation occurs at the 2-cell stage, but transcription starts already at the zygote (1-cell) stage. Very little is known about the molecules involved in this process. We show that the transcription intermediary factor 1 {alpha} (TIF1{alpha}) is involved in modulating gene expression during the first wave of transcription activation. At the onset of genome activation, TIF1{alpha} translocates from the cytoplasm into the pronuclei to sites of active transcription. These sites are enriched with the chromatin remodelers BRG-1 and SNF2H. When we ablate TIF1{alpha} through either RNA interference (RNAi) or microinjection of specific antibodies into zygotes, most of the embryos arrest their development at the 2–4-cell stage transition. The ablation of TIF1{alpha} leads to mislocalization of RNA polymerase II and the chromatin remodelers SNF2H and BRG-1. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning approach, we identify genes that are regulated by TIF1{alpha} in the zygote and find that transcription of these genes is misregulated upon TIF1{alpha} ablation. We further show that the expression of some of these genes is dependent on SNF2H and that RNAi for SNF2H compromises development, suggesting that TIF1{alpha} mediates activation of gene expression in the zygote via SNF2H. These studies indicate that TIF1{alpha} is a factor that modulates the expression of a set of genes during the first wave of genome activation in the mouse embryo.

Abbreviations used in this paper: BRG-1, Brahma-related gene 1; BrUTP, 5-bromo UTP; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; GV, germinal vesicle; hCG, human chorionic gonadotrophin; HP1, heterochromatin protein 1; ICM, inner cell mass; NLB, nucleolar-like body; TIF, transcription intermediary factor.


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