Published online 16 October 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200607083
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $8.00
JCB, Volume 175, Number 2, 201-207
Membranes of the world unite!
Leonid V. Chernomordik1,
Joshua Zimmerberg1, and
Michael M. Kozlov2
1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Correspondence to Leonid V. Chernomordik: chernoml{at}mail.nih.gov; Joshua Zimmerberg: joshz{at}helix.nih.gov; or Michael M. Kozlov: michk{at}post.tau.ac.il
Despite diverse origins, cellular fusion mechanisms converge at a pathway of phospholipid bilayer fusion. In this mini-review, we discuss how proteins can mediate each of the three major stages in the fusion pathway: contact, hemifusion, and the opening of an expanding fusion pore.
Abbreviations used in this paper: FP, fusion peptide; HD, hemifusion diaphragm; LPC, lyso PC; PC, phosphatidylcholine; OA, oleic acid; TMD, transmembrane domain.

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