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Published online February 5, 2007
doi:10.1083/jcb.200607098
The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 176, No. 4, 497-507
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $30.00
© 2007 Erez et al.
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Article

Formation of microtubule-based traps controls the sorting and concentration of vesicles to restricted sites of regenerating neurons after axotomy



Hadas Erez1, Guy Malkinson1, Masha Prager-Khoutorsky1, Chris I. De Zeeuw2, Casper C. Hoogenraad2, and Micha E. Spira1

1 Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
2 Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands

Correspondence to Micha E. Spira: spira{at}cc.huji.ac.il

Transformation of a transected axonal tip into a growth cone (GC) is a critical step in the cascade leading to neuronal regeneration. Critical to the regrowth is the supply and concentration of vesicles at restricted sites along the cut axon. The mechanisms underlying these processes are largely unknown. Using online confocal imaging of transected, cultured Aplysia californica neurons, we report that axotomy leads to reorientation of the microtubule (MT) polarities and formation of two distinct MT-based vesicle traps at the cut axonal end. Approximately 100 µm proximal to the cut end, a selective trap for anterogradely transported vesicles is formed, which is the plus end trap. Distally, a minus end trap is formed that exclusively captures retrogradely transported vesicles. The concentration of anterogradely transported vesicles in the former trap optimizes the formation of a GC after axotomy.

Abbreviations used in this paper: BFA, brefeldin A; DZ, distal zone; EHNA, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine; EYFP, enhanced YFP; GC, growth cone; GCOC, GC organizing center; MT, microtubule; PZ, proximal zone; SR101, sulforhodamine 101.


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