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Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, 9751NN Haren, Netherlands

Correspondence to P.J.M. van Haastert: P.J.M.van.Haastert{at}rug.nl

During embryonic development, cell movement is orchestrated by a multitude of attractants and repellents. Chemoattractants applied as a gradient, such as cAMP with Dictyostelium discoideum or fMLP with neutrophils, induce the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase at the front of the cell, leading to the localized depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI[4,5]P₂) and the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI[3,4,5]P₃). Using D. discoideum, we show that chemorepellent cAMP analogues induce localized inhibition of PLC, thereby reversing the polarity of PI(4,5)P₂. This leads to the accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P₃ at the rear of the cell, and chemotaxis occurs away from the source. We conclude that a PLC polarity switch controls the response to attractants and repellents.

Abbreviations used in this paper: PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 kinase PI(3,4,5)P₃, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate; PI(4,5)P₂, phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate.

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