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Published online
doi:10.1083/jcb.200807027
The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 185, No. 1, 129-145
The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525 $30.00
© Raghu et al.
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Article

Rhabdomere biogenesis in Drosophila photoreceptors is acutely sensitive to phosphatidic acid levels



Padinjat Raghu1, Elise Coessens1,3, Maria Manifava1, Plamen Georgiev1, Trevor Pettitt1, Eleanor Wood1, Isaac Garcia-Murillas1, Hanneke Okkenhaug1, Deepti Trivedi1, Qifeng Zhang1, Azam Razzaq2,4, Ola Zaid1, Michael Wakelam1, Cahir J O'Kane2, and Nicholas Ktistakis1

1 Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK
2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England, UK
3 Institut de Biologie du Developpement de Marseille Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
4 Avecia, Billingham TS23 1YN, England, UK

Correspondence to Padinjat Raghu: raghu.padinjat{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is postulated to have both structural and signaling functions during membrane dynamics in animal cells. In this study, we show that before a critical time period during rhabdomere biogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors, elevated levels of PA disrupt membrane transport to the apical domain. Lipidomic analysis shows that this effect is associated with an increase in the abundance of a single, relatively minor molecular species of PA. These transport defects are dependent on the activation state of Arf1. Transport defects via PA generated by phospholipase D require the activity of type I phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4 phosphate 5 kinase, are phenocopied by knockdown of PI 4 kinase, and are associated with normal endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. We propose that PA levels are critical for apical membrane transport events required for rhabdomere biogenesis.


© 2009 Raghu et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jcb.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

Abbreviations used in this paper: Arf, ADP ribosylation factor; CDP, cytidine diphosphate; DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GMR, glass multimer reporter; LPP, lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; pd, pupal development; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PI(4,5)P2, PI 4,5 bisphosphate; PI4K, PI 4 kinase; PLC, phospholipase Cβ; PLD, phospholipase D; PS, phosphatidylserine; TEM, transmission EM; UAS, upstream activation sequence.



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