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Bringing KASH under the SUN: the many faces of nucleo-cytoskeletal connections
Correspondence to Didier Hodzic: hodzicd{at}vision.wustl.edu
The nucleus is the most prominent cellular organelle, and its sharp boundaries suggest the compartmentalization of the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, the recent identification of evolutionarily conserved linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, a family of macromolecular assemblies that span the double membrane of the nuclear envelope, reveals tight physical connections between the two compartments. Here, we review the structure and evolutionary conservation of SUN and KASH domain–containing proteins, whose interaction within the perinuclear space forms the "nuts and bolts" of LINC complexes. Moreover, we discuss the function of these complexes in nuclear, centrosomal, and chromosome dynamics, and their connection to human disease.
Abbreviations used in this paper: AchR, acetylcholine receptor; INM, inner nuclear membrane; KASH, Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-1 homology; LINC, linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton; MTOC, microtubule-organizing center; NE, nuclear envelope; Nesprin, NE spectrin; ONM, outer nuclear membrane; SPB, spindle pole body; SUN, Sad1/UNC-84; Syne, synaptic NE.
© 2009 Razafsky and Hodzic
This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jcb.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
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