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The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol 39, 339-368, Copyright © 1968 by Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLE

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF PRONUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND FUSION IN THE SEA URCHIN, ARBACIA PUNCTULATA



Frank J. Longo 1 and Everett Anderson 1

1 From the Department of Zoology, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, and The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

Fertilization events following coalescence of the gamete plasma membranes and culminating in the formation of the zygote nucleus were investigated by light and electron microscopy in the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata. Shortly after the spermatozoon passes through the fertilization cone, it rotates approximately 180° and comes to rest lateral to its point of entrance. Concomitantly, the nonperforated nuclear envelope of the sperm nucleus undergoes degeneration followed by dispersal of the sperm chromatin and development of the pronuclear envelope. During this reorganization of the sperm nucleus, the sperm aster is formed. The latter is composed of ooplasmic lamellar structures and fasciles of microtubules. The male pronucleus, sperm mitochondrion, and flagellum accompany the sperm aster during its migration. As the pronuclei encounter one another, the surface of the female pronucleus proximal to the advancing male pronucleus becomes highly convoluted. Subsequently, the formation of the zygote nucleus commences with the fusion of the outer and the inner membranes of the pronuclear envelopes, thereby producing a small internuclear bridge and one continuous, perforated zygote nuclear envelope.

Submitted on May 9, 1968
Revised on June 21, 1968


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