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The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol 41, 227-250, Copyright © 1969 by Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLE

MICROTUBULES IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY MESENCHYME IN ARBACIA PUNCTULATA

: II. An Experimental Analysis of Their Role in Development and Maintenance of Cell Shape



Lewis G. Tilney 1 and John R. Gibbins 1

1 From the Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543.

Dr. Tilney's present address is Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Gibbins' present address is Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

To experimentally test the suggestion made in the preceding paper that the microtubules are involved in cell shape development during the formation and differentiation of the primary mesenchyme, we applied to the embryos two types of agents which affect cytoplasmic microtubules: (a) colchicine and hydrostatic pressure, which cause the microtubules to disassemble, and (b) D2O, which tends to stabilize them. When the first type of agent is applied to sea urchin gastrulae, the development of the primary mesenchyme ceases, the microtubules disappear, and the cells tend to spherulate. With D2O development also ceases, but the tubules appear "frozen," and the cell asymmetries persist unaltered. These agents appear to block development by primarily interfering with the sequential disassembly and/or reassembly of microtubules into new patterns. The microtubules, therefore, appear to be influential in the development of cell form. On the other hand through a careful analysis of the action of these agents and others on both intra- and extracellular factors, we concluded that the microtubules do rather little for the maintenance of cell shape in differentiated tissues.

Submitted on August 2, 1967
Revised on August 28, 1968


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